Introduction -- Setting the Theoretical Framework and Methodology -- Subjective Rational Compliance Calculation and Deterrence: Theory and Empirical Evidence -- Situational Compliance Legitimacy: Theory and Empirical Evidence -- Capacity and Pesticide Compliance: Theory and Empirical Evidence -- The Many Roads to Compliance: Explaining the Complexity of Patterns Contributing to Pesticide Compliance -- A Conclusion from the Chinese Pesticide Compliance Study -- References -- Appendix -- Summary.This book investigates pesticide compliance in China in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of compliance and offers some feasible and adaptable suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of this compliance. It discusses the weak implementation of Chinese laws and rules and emphasizes the necessity and importance of a compliance perspective in China that focuses on why laws are obeyed or broken. It examines how vegetable farmers’ perceptions of amoral calculation affect their pesticide compliance behavior and analyzes how the legitimacy of law is related to compliance to better explain how all the variables interact to shape compliance. It discusses both qualitative and quantitative methods, and uses a large-N qualitative approach, which allows for systematic analysis and in-depth exploration. This book will help readers to understand compliance in developing China by adopting and developing compliance theories which are broadly developed in the West.