1 Mind the Gap: Bridging Disability Studies and Bioarchaeology - An Introduction -- Part I Theoretical Perspectives on Impairment and Disability -- 2 Accommodating Critical Disability Studies in Bioarchaeology -- 3 Consideration of Disability from the Perspective of the Medical Model -- 4 Historiography of Disablement and the South Asian context: The case of Shah Daula’s chuhas -- Part II Ethnohistorical Interpretations: Ability, Disability, and Alternate Ability -- 5 Differently Abled: Africanisms, Disability and Power in the Age of Transatlantic Slavery -- 6 Kojo’s Dis/ability: The Interpretation of Spinal Pathology in the Context of an 18th-Century Jamaican Maroon Community -- 7 Rendered unfit: “Defective” children in the Erie County Poorhouse -- Part III Quantitative Methods in Impairment and Disability: Bioarchaeological Approaches -- 8 The Bioarchaeology of Back Pain -- 9 Using Population Health Constructs to Explore Impairment and Disability in Knee Osteoarthritis -- 10 Quantifying Impairment and Disability in Bioarchaeological Assemblages -- 11 Injuries, Impairment, and Intersecting Identities: The Poor in Buffalo, NY 1851-1913 -- Part IV Case Studies of Impairment and Disability in the Past -- 12 Impairment, Disability, and Identity in the Middle Woodland Period: Life at the Juncture of Achondroplasia, Pregnancy, and Infection -- 13 Attempting to Distinguish Impairment from Disability in the Bioarchaeological Record: An Example from DeArmond Mound (40RE12) in East Tennessee -- 14 Anglo-Saxon Concepts of Dis/ability: Placing Disease at Great Chesterford in its Wider Context. .Over the years, impairment has been discussed in bioarchaeology, with some scholars providing carefully contextualized explanations for their causes and consequences. Such investigations typically take a case study approach and focus on the functional aspects of impairments. However, these interpretations are disconnected from disability theory discourse. Other social sciences and the humanities have far surpassed most of anthropology (with the exception of medical anthropology) in their integration of social theories of disability. This volume has three goals: The first goal of this edited volume is to present theoretical and methodological discussions on impairment and disability. The second goal of this volume is to emphasize the necessity of interdisciplinarity in discussions of impairment and disability within bioarchaeology. The third goal of the volume is to present various methodological approaches to quantifying impairment in skeletonized and mummified remains. This volume serves to engage scholars from many disciplines in our exploration of disability in the past, with particular emphasis on the bioarchaeological context. .