Prologue -- The Development of China’s Social Welfare System -- The Deviation of China’s Social Insurance Fund Mode and Its Corrections -- Health Problems and Health Equality in the Transitional Period -- Establishing a Basic Rural Medical Security System -- Analysis of Factors Affecting Rural Residents’ Satisfaction with Medical Services -- Analysis of Social Security Expenditures by the Chinese Government -- Several Major Issues in the Reform and Development of China’s Social Security System: Comments and Suggestions on China’s Social Security Report -- A Study on the Income Redistribution Effect of Social Security in China: A Case Study on Social Insurance -- Establishing a More Equitable and Sustainable Social Security System -- Bibliography -- Postscript.This book reviews the development of China’s social security system from 1949 onwards and analyzes its features in each stage. By emphasizing the role of the social security system in regulating income distribution, it points out some problems in the current social security framework that are becoming apparent as the income gap continues to grow. It proposes various measures such as intensifying the reform of the social insurance fund, expanding old age insurance coverage, promoting health equality, and establishing a new rural medical security system that could be employed to improve the system’s equitability, sustainability, and inclusivity.