Part1: Introduction -- Chapter1. Researching climate change and socio-ecological systems' vulnerability in the coastal areas of Tanzania-some theoretical perspectives -- Part2: Case studies -- Chapter2. The impact of climate variability and change on communities' access to and utilization of coastal resources in Pangani District, Tanzania -- Chapter3. Vulnerability and adaptation strategies of coastal communities to the associated impacts of sea level rise and coastal flooding -- Chapter4. Seaweed (Mwani) Farming as an Adaptation Strategy to Impacts of Climate Change and Variability in Zanzibar -- Chapter5. Poverty levels and vulnerability to climate change of inshore fisher-mangrove dependent communities of the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania -- Chapter6. Ecological impact of thermal stress in reefs of Zanzibar following 2016 elevated higher sea surface temperatures -- Chapter7. An assessment of the vulnerability and response of coastal communities to climate change impact in Lindi Region, Tanzania -- Chapter8. Coastal communities perceptions on climate change impacts and implications for adaptation strategies in Mtwara, Southern Tanzania -- Chapter9. The Human Rights Dimensions of Conservation and Climate Change Initiatives in Coastal Tanzania: Examples of Villagers’ Successful Struggles for their Rights -- Part3: Conclusions and synthesis -- Chapter10. Climate change and socio-ecological systems' vulnerability in the coastal areas of Tanzania-a synthesis.This volume synthesizes research from a five year program supported by the Norwegian Agency for Development to assess how coastal communities in Tanzania can adapt to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, and better assert their rights to implement decisions regarding coastal resource management in the context of global climate change. Throughout ten chapters, the book deploys a holistic approach to adopt a conceptual model of socio-ecological systems, and characterize human-nature interactions in an integrative way to understand anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems to guide conservation and management. The book will be of interest to researchers, students studying environmental management and climate change, planners, and policy makers. The book begins by describing the biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of the Tanzanian coastal environment, then discusses the impacts of climate change on coastal resource governance, community vulnerability, and livelihood security. Then, intervention strategies are offered as a means for local communities to not only adapt to climate change impacts, but also to engage in decision-making processes to assess vulnerabilities and address challenges and limitations through educated measures. The final chapters discuss the vulnerability and adaptation of coastal communities to climate change impacts to assess how livelihoods are constructed in response to impacts, and summarize the key findings to determine the best adaptation strategies to improve adaptive capacity and reduce socio-economic vulnerability. .