Chapter 1: Introduction to Outdoor Recreation and Recreation Ecology.-Chapter 2: Recreational Walking -- Chapter 3 Mountain Marathons, Adventure Racing, and Mountain Tours -- Chapter 4 Recreational Climbing and Scrambling -- Chapter 5 Gorge Walking, Canyoneering, or Canyoning -- Chapter 6 Off-Road and All-Terrain Vehicles, Including Snowmobiling -- Chapter 7 Mountain Biking -- Chapter 8 Camping, Wild Camping, Snow Holing, and Bothies -- Chapter 9 Horseback Riding -- Chapter 10 Geocaching, Letterboxing, and Orienteering -- Chapter 11 Skiing, Snowboarding, and Snowshoeing -- Chapter 12 Caving.-Chapter 13 Water Sports and Water-Based Recreation -- Chapter 14 Recreational Scuba Diving and Snorkelling -- Chapter 15 Recreational Fishing -- Chapter 16 Expeditions -- Chapter 17 Overall Summary. .This textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental impacts of various types of outdoor recreation, and how these can be best managed. As a field of study, recreational ecology is both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, and the authors seek to develop a deeper understanding of both the role and function of the factors that influence visitor numbers and their impact. An accessible and comprehensive textbook, it features numerous types of outdoor recreational activities including hill walking, rock climbing, mountain marathons, skiing, scuba diving and more. Drawn from several global case studies, the authors estimate the current and future numbers involved in outdoor recreation, and how best these numbers can be managed. Effective visitor impact management actions arise from collaboration between recreation ecologists, social scientists, experienced recreation managers, recreation stakeholders and the recreationalists themselves: as such, this book will be multi-disciplinary in scope. This practical and engaging textbook will be invaluable to students and scholars of outdoor recreation and adventure tourism as well as practitioners and managers working in the field. David Huddart is Emeritus Professor at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has extensive experience teaching landscape interpretation, recreation ecology, and outdoor and environmental education. Tim Stott is Professor of Physical Geography and Outdoor Education at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has been responsible for leading and teaching on the Outdoor Education programmes for 25 years.