Chapter 1. The Environment–Conflict Nexus -- Chapter 2. States at Risk: The Environment–Conflict Model -- Chapter 3. Defining Climate Change: What to Expect in a Warmer World -- Chapter 4. Abrupt Climate Change -- Chapter 5. Water in the Middle East -- Chapter 6. Water, Land, and Governance: Environmental Security in Dense Urban Areas in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 7. When Politics, the Environment, and Advocacy Compete–Environmental Security in the South China Sea -- Chapter 8. East Africa in World War I: A Geographic Analysis -- Chapter 9. Conflict in the Horn of Africa: The Ogaden War of 1977 -- Chapter 10. The 1994 Rwandan Genocide -- Chapter 11. Climate and the Syrian Civil War.The aim of this book is to demonstrate how environmental factors have caused an evolution in the landscape of national security since the end of the Cold War. Through relevant case studies, the scope of the problem on the national security landscape due to environmental stressors is illuminated, examined, and synthesized with climate-related data. Human variables such as governance, GDP, and vulnerability are taken into account, and are compared against environmental factors to more accurately determine the causative agents of regional conflicts which threaten national security. These case studies comprise the majority of the text, and they show how individual conflicts are uniquely influenced by environmental stress with variations from situation to situation. This book will be of interest to government and military professionals, and may serve as a resource for college courses in the areas of military geography, international affairs, and sustainability studies. .