Chapter1: Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (NZVI) for Environmental Decontamination: A Brief History of 20 Years of Research and Field-scale Application -- Chapter2: NZVI Synthesis and Characterization -- Chapter3: Chemical Reduction and Oxidation of Organic Contaminants by Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron -- Chapter4: Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Particles for Treatment of Metal(loid)s -- Chapter5: Colloidal and Surface Science and Engineering for Bare and Polymer-modified NZVI Applications: Dispersion Stability, Mobility in Porous Media, and Contaminant Specificity -- Chapter6: Mechanistic, Mechanistic-based Empirical, and Continuum-based Concepts and Models for the Transport of Polyelectrolyte-modified Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (NZVI) in Saturated Porous Media -- Chapter7: Moving Into the 3rd Decade of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (NZVI) Development: Best Practices for Field Implementation -- Chapter8: Experiences from Pilot and Large-Scale Demonstration Sites from Across the Globe Including Combined Remedies with NZVI -- Chapter9: Sulfide Modified NZVI (S-NZVI): Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity -- Chapter10: Microbial Perspective of NZVI Applications -- Chapter11: Electromagnetic Induction of Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron for Enhanced Thermal Dissolution/Desorption and Dechlorination of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds -- Chapter12: Improving the Reactivity of ZVI and NZVI Towards Various Metals and Metal(loid)s With Weak Magnetic Field -- Chapter13: Vadose-Zone Remediation of Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid Residuals Using Foam-based Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Particles With Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field -- Chapter14: Carbothermal Synthesis of Aerosol-based Iron-carbon Nanocomposites for Adsorption and Reduction of Cr(VI) -- Chapter15: Sustainable Environmental Remediation Using NZVI by Managing Benefit-Risk Tradeoffs -- Chapter16: State of Knowledge and Future Needs for NZVI Applications in Subsurface Remediation.This is the first complete edited volume devoted to providing comprehensive and state-of-the art descriptions of science principles and pilot- and field-scaled engineering applications of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) for soil and groundwater remediation. Although several books on environmental nanotechnology contain chapters of NZVI for environmental remediation (Wiesner and Bottero (2007); Geiger and Carvalho-Knighton (2009); Diallo et al. (2009); Ram et al. (2011)), none of them include a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and applied aspects of NZVI applications. Most devote a chapter or two discussing a contemporary aspect of NZVI. In addition, environmental nanotechnology has a broad audience including environmental engineers and scientists, geochemists, material scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, ecologists and toxicologists. None of the current books contain enough background material for such multidisciplinary readers, making it difficult for a graduate student or even an experienced researcher or environmental remediation practitioner new to nanotechnology to catch up with the massive, undigested literature. This prohibits the reader from gaining a complete understanding of NZVI science and technology. In this volume, the sixteen chapters are based on more than two decades of laboratory research and development and field-scaled demonstrations of NZVI implementation. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers and/or practitioners in NZVI technology. This book aims to be an important resource for all levels of audiences, i.e. graduate students, experienced environmental and nanotechnology researchers, and practitioners evaluating environmental remediation, as it is designed to involve everything from basic to advanced concepts.