Introduction to geology, palaeoenvironment and archaeology of the Red Sea -- Neotectonics of the Red Sea, Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba -- A modern view on the Red Sea Rift: Tectonics, volcanism and salt blankets -- Constraining the opening of the Red Sea: Evidence from the Neoproterozoic margins and Cenozoic magmatism for a Volcanic Rifted Margin -- Timing of extensional faulting along the magma-poor central and northern Red Sea rift margin – Transition from regional extension to necking along a hyperextended rifted margin -- The nature of upper mantle upwelling during initiation of seafloor spreading in the southern Red Sea -- Oceanization starts at depth during continental rupturing in the northern Red Sea -- Rifting and salt deposition on continental margins: Differences and similarities between the Red Sea and the South Atlantic sedimentary basins -- Plate motions around the Red Sea since the Early Oligocene -- Hydrothermal prospection in the Red Sea Rift: Geochemical messages from basalts -- Salt formation, accumulation, and expulsion processes during ocean rifting – new insight gained from the Red Sea -- Origin of submarine channel north of Hanish Sill, Red Sea -- Cenozoic faults and seismicity in northwest Saudi Arabia and the Gulf of Aqaba region -- Crustal and upper-mantle structure beneath Saudi Arabia from receiver functions and surface wave analysis -- Variations in Plio-Pleistocene deposition in the Red Sea -- Pleistocene coral reef terraces on the Saudi Arabian side of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea -- Mollusc fauna associated with Late Pleistocene coral reef systems of the Saudi Arabian side of the Gulf of Aqaba -- Geochemistry of the Lunayyir and Khaybar volcanic fields (Saudi Arabia): Insights into the origin of Cenozoic Arabian volcanism -- Palaeomagnetism and geochronology of the Harrats Lunayyir and Khaybar lava fields, Saudi Arabia -- Microstructure and geochemistry of magmatic dykes from the Arabian margin, Red Sea -- Manganese mineralization related to the Red Sea Rift system: Examples from the Red Sea coast and Sinai, Egypt -- The spatial distribution pattern of surficial sediment in Shiab Al-Kabeer, a shoal in the Red Sea of Saudi Arabia -- Sediment yield calculation along the Red Sea coastal drainage basins -- Landscape archaeology, palaeolithic survey and coastal change along the southern Red Sea of Saudi Arabia -- Investigating the palaeoshorelines and coastal archaeology of the southern Red Sea -- The archaeology of Pleistocene coastal environments and human dispersals in the Red Sea: Insights from the Farasan Islands -- The multi-disciplinary search for underwater archaeology in the southern Red Sea -- Geological structure and Late Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the Farasan Islands continental shelf, south Red Sea, SW Saudi Arabia -- Tectonic geomorphology and soil edaphics as controls on animal migrations and human dispersal patterns -- Blue Arabia, Green Arabia: Examining human colonisation and dispersal models -- Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating as a geochronological tool for Late Quaternary sediments in the Red Sea region -- Results of micropalaeontological analyses on sediment core FA09 from the southern Red Sea continental shelf -- Red Sea palaeoclimate: Stable isotope and element-ratio analysis of marine mollusc shells -- Ancient ports of trade on the Red Sea coasts – the ‘Parameters of Attractiveness’ of site locations and human adaptations to fluctuating land- and sea-scapes. Case study Berenike Troglodytica, southeastern Egypt. .This book gathers invited contributions from active researchers to provide an up-to-date overview of the geological setting of the Red Sea. It discusses aspects ranging from historical information to modern research in the Red Sea, and presents findings from rapidly advancing, emerging fields. This semi-enclosed young ocean basin provides a unique opportunity to study the development of passive continental margins in order to examine the current status of that region. In addition to studies on the Sea itself, it includes those from related fields on the littoral zone. The book is of interest to geoscientists and non-specialists alike.