Cell Types and Matrix -- Hepatocytes -- Signaling Pathways in Biliary Epithelial Cells -- Stellate Cells -- Kupffer Cells -- Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells -- Extracellular Matrix -- Specific Signaling Pathways -- IL-6/gpl30/Stat3 -- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling -- Insulin Pathway -- Nature and Function of Hepatic Tumor Necrosis Factor-? Signaling -- The Fas/FasL Signaling Pathway -- Tgf-? and the Smad Pathway in Liver Fibrogenesis -- Interferon Signaling -- CD14 and Toll Receptor -- The Wnt/?-Catenin Pathway -- Notch Signaling in Liver Disease -- Extracellular ATP: Important Developments in Purinergic Signaling -- Calcium Signaling -- MAP Kinase Pathways in the Control of Hepatocyte Growth, Metabolism and Survival -- PI3K, PTEN and Akt -- TOR Signaling and Cell Growth Control -- Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors -- Transcriptional Response to cAMP in the Liver -- Heme Oxygenase System -- Nitric Oxide -- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Signaling System -- Cyclins and CDKs in Liver Diseases -- Telomeres and Telomerase: Distinctive Roles in Liver Regeneration, Cirrhosis and Carcinogenesis -- NF-?B -- Ceramide: Cell Regulation from a Lipid Perspective -- Apoptosis and Mitochondria -- Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Liver Disease -- Biological Clock in the Liver -- Horizons -- Pharmacogenomics of Cholestatic Liver Disease -- Proteomics of Signal Transduction Pathways.Recent advances have carried hepatology to new frontiers. The increasing frequency with which steatotic and cirrhotic livers undergo surgery obliges liver surgeons and hepatologists to understand the molecular mechanisms at play in these situations. Comprehension of the signaling pathways participating in liver regeneration, hepatocellular apoptosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury is essential. This book serves as a source of information to facilitate the reading of the literature and the planning of trials. Translational medicine implies knowledge of the molecular targets of novel therapeutic strategies. It is our goal to stimulate more research that can lead to more exchanges between the laboratory, the clinical ward and the operating room.