Nanocomposites: Structure and Properties -- Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers: a State of the Art Review -- Application of Non-Layered Nanoparticles in Polymer Modification -- Reinforcement of Thermosetting Polymers by the Incorporation of Micro- and Nanoparticles -- Polyimides Reinforced by a Sol-Gel Derived Organosilicon Nanophase: Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships -- Layered Silicate/Rubber Nanocomposites via Latex and Solution Intercalations -- Property Improvements of an Epoxy Resin by Nanosilica Particle Reinforcement -- Special Characterization Methods and Modeling -- Micro-Scratch Testing and Finite Element Simulation of Wear Mechanisms of Polymer Composites -- Determination of the Interface Strength of Polymer-Polymer Joints by a Curved Interface Tensile Test -- Manufacturing and Characterization of Microfibrillar Reinforced Composites from Polymer Blends -- Tribological Characteristics of Micro- and Nanoparticle Filled Polymer Composites -- Macrocomposites: Processing and Application -- Production of Thermoplastic Towpregs and Towpreg-Based Composites -- Manufacturing of Tailored Reinforcement for Liquid Composite Molding Processes -- Deconsolidation and Reconsolidation of Thermoplastic Composites During Processing -- Long Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites in Automotive Applications -- Mechanical Performance of Macrocomposites -- Deformation Mechanisms in Knitted Fabric Composites -- Impact Damage in Composite Laminates -- Discontinuous Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites -- Accelerated Testing Methodology for Polymer Composite Durability.This multi-author volume provides a useful summary of updated knowledge on polymer composites, practically integrating experimental studies, theoretical analyses and computational modeling at different scales, i.e. from nano- to macro- scale. Detailed consideration is given to four major areas: Part I deals with the structure and properties of nanocomposites. Part II focuses on some special characterization methods and modeling in the field of polymer composites. Processing and applications of macrocomposites makes up Part III, and Part IV deals with mechanical performance of macrocomposoites.