Confluent Term Rewriting Systems -- Generalized Innermost Rewriting -- Orderings for Innermost Termination -- Leanest Quasi-orderings -- Abstract Modularity -- Union of Equational Theories: An Algebraic Approach -- Equivariant Unification -- Faster Basic Syntactic Mutation with Sorts for Some Separable Equational Theories -- Unification in a Class of Permutative Theories -- Dependency Pairs for Simply Typed Term Rewriting -- Universal Algebra for Termination of Higher-Order Rewriting -- Quasi-interpretations and Small Space Bounds -- A Sufficient Completeness Reasoning Tool for Partial Specifications -- Tyrolean Termination Tool -- Call-by-Value Is Dual to Call-by-Name – Reloaded -- ??-Calculus and Duality: Call-by-Name and Call-by-Value -- Reduction in a Linear Lambda-Calculus with Applications to Operational Semantics -- Higher-Order Matching in the Linear Lambda Calculus in the Absence of Constants Is NP-Complete -- Localized Fairness: A Rewriting Semantics -- Partial Inversion of Constructor Term Rewriting Systems -- Natural Narrowing for General Term Rewriting Systems -- The Finite Variant Property: How to Get Rid of Some Algebraic Properties -- Intruder Deduction for AC-Like Equational Theories with Homomorphisms -- Proving Positive Almost-Sure Termination -- Termination of Single-Threaded One-Rule Semi-Thue Systems -- On Tree Automata that Certify Termination of Left-Linear Term Rewriting Systems -- Twenty Years Later -- Open. Closed. Open. -- A Tutorial Example of the Semantic Approach to Foundational Proof-Carrying Code -- Extending the Explicit Substitution Paradigm -- Arithmetic as a Theory Modulo -- Infinitary Combinatory Reduction Systems -- Proof-Producing Congruence Closure -- The Algebra of Equality Proofs -- On Computing Reachability Sets of Process Rewrite Systems -- Automata and Logics for Unranked and Unordered Trees.This volume contains the proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA2005),whichwasheldonApril19– 21, 2005, at the Nara-Ken New Public Hall in the center of the Nara National Park in Nara, Japan. RTA is the major forum for the presentation of research on all aspects of rewriting.PreviousRTAconferenceswereheldinDijon(1985),Bordeaux(1987), Chapel Hill (1989), Como (1991), Montreal (1993), Kaiserslautern (1995), Rutgers (1996), Sitges (1997), Tsukuba (1998), Trento (1999), Norwich (2000), Utrecht (2001), Copenhagen (2002), Valencia (2003), and Aachen (2004). This year, there were 79 submissions from 20 countries, of which 31 papers were accepted for publication (29 regular papers and 2 system descriptions). The submissions came from France (10 accepted papers of the 23.1 submitted papers), USA (5.6 of 11.7), Japan (4 of 9), Spain (2.7 of 6.5), UK (2.7 of 4.7), The Netherlands (1.7 of 3.8), Germany (1.3 of 2.3), Austria (1 of 1), Poland (1 of 1), Israel (0.5 of 0.8), Denmark (0.5 of 0.5), China (0 of 4), Korea (0 of 4), Taiwan (0 of 1.3), Australia (0 of 1), Brazil (0 of 1), Russia (0 of 1), Switzerland (0 of 1), Sweden (0 of 1), and Italy (0 of 0.3). Each submission was assigned to at least three Program Committee m- bers, who carefully reviewed the papers, with the help of 111 external referees.