Phase Controlled Femtosecond Lasers for Sensitive, Precise, and Wide Bandwidth Nonlinear Spectroscopy -- Supercontinuum and High-Order Harmonics -- The Measurement of Ultrashort Light — Simple Devices, Complex Pulses -- Femtosecond Combs for Precision Metrology -- Infrared Precision Spectroscopy Using Femtosecond-Laser-Based Optical Frequency-Comb Synthesizers -- Real-Time Spectroscopy of Molecular Vibrations with Sub-5-Fs Visible Pulses -- Vibrational Echo Correlation Spectroscopy -- Spectrally Resolved Two-Colour Femtosecond Photon Echoes -- Optimal Control of Atomic, Molecular and Electron Dynamics with Tailored Femtosecond Laser Pulses -- Coherent Control of Atomic Dynamics with Chirped and Shaped Pulses -- Ultrafast Processes in Highly Excited Wide-Gap Dielectric Thin Films.As concepts and methodologies have evolved over the past two decades, the realm of ultrafast science has become vast and exciting and has impacted many areas of chemistry, biology and physics, and other fields such as materials science, electrical engineering, and optical communication. The field has recently exploded with the announcement of a series of remarkable new developments and advances. This volume surveys this recent growth in eleven chapters written by leading international researchers in the field. It includes sections on femtosecond optical frequency combs, soft x-ray femtosecond laser sources, and attosecond laser sources. In addition, the contributors address real-time spectroscopy of molecular vibrations with sub-5-fs pulses and multidimensional femtosecond coherent spectroscopies for studying molecular and electron dynamics. Novel methods for measuring and characterizing ultrashort laser pulses and ultrashort pulses of light are also described. The topics covered are revolutionizing the fields of biomedical imaging, electron dynamics, ultrahigh precision spectroscopy, and optical frequency metrology. Surveying the latest advances in ultrafast lasers, Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students.