Outstanding Problems in Particle Astrophysics -- Constructing the Cosmos, from Sunboats to Superclusters -- Recent Results from the Spitzer Space Telescope: A New View of the Infrared Universe -- Beyond the Standard Model in Particle Physics and Cosmology: Convergence or Divergence? -- B-L Genesis: Generalities and Impact on Neutrino Physics -- Stellar Explosion: From Supernovae to Gamma-Ray Bursts -- Close by Compact Objects and Recent Supernovae in the Solar Vicinity -- Supernova Remnants as Cosmic Accelerators -- Radial Distribution of GRBs in Host Galaxies -- Black Holes: Physics and Astrophysics -- The Efficiency of Using Accretion Power of Kerr Black Holes -- Dark Matter: Past, Present, and Future -- On Dynamics of Relativistic Shock Waves with Losses in Gamma-Ray Burst Sources -- The Dynamics of the Carina Spiral Arm -- Magnetic Field Generation and Electron Acceleration in Collisionless Shocks -- High Energy Neutrino Astronomy and Underwater Detectors -- Recent Results from the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory -- Physics Potential and First Results of the Magic Telescope -- First Results From the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov Telescope System in Namibia -- The AMANDA Neutrino Telescope -- Observation of Very High Energy Gamma Rays from the Remnant of SN 1006 with HEGRA CT1 -- Optical Astronomy with Cherenkov Telescopes -- Status of ANITA and ANITA-lite -- Optical SETI with MAGIC -- Elemental Composition and Propagation of Cosmic Rays at High Energies -- TeV-Scale Gravity: Detecting Black Holes with Cosmic Ray Air Showers -- Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: Analysis of Directional Correlations with Astrophysical Sources -- Are Clusters Indicators of the Cosmic Ray Anisotropy? -- Using Cosmic Ray for Monitoring and Forecasting Dangerous Solar Flare Events -- The Knee in the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays -- The Kascade-Grande experiment -- Calibration of the Kascadegrande Hadron Calorimeter at an Accelerator -- The AMS experiment -- Solar Neutron Observation at Ground Level and from Space -- Monte Carlo Simulations and Semianalytical Parameteri-Sations of the Atmospheric Muon Flux -- Measurement of the Fluorescence Yield in Air with the AirLight Experiment.“Neutrinos and Explosive Events in the Universe” brought together experts from diverse disciplines to offer a detailed view of the exciting new work in this part of High Energy Astrophysics. Sponsored by NATO as an Advanced Study Institute, and coordinated under the auspices of the International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics (14th biennial course), the ASI featured a full program of lectures and discussion in the ambiance of the Ettore Majorana Centre in Erice, Italy, including visits to the local Dirac and Chalonge museum collections as well as a view of the cultural heritage of southern Sicily. Enri- ment presentations on results from the Spitzer Infrared Space Telescope and the Origin of Complexity complemented the program. This course was the best attended in the almost 30 year history of the School with 121 participants from 22 countries. The program provided a rich ex- rience, both introductory and advanced, to fascinating areas of observational Astrophysics Neutrino Astronomy, High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy, P- ticle Astrophysics and the objects most likely responsible for the signals - plosions and related phenomena, ranging from Supernovae to Black Holes to the Big Bang. Contained in this NATO Science Series volume is a summative formulation of the physics and astrophysics of this newly emerging research area that already has been, and will continue to be, an important contributor to understanding our high energy universe.