The Mass and Size of the Atom -- Isotopes -- The Nucleus of the Atom -- The Photon -- The Electron -- Some Basic Properties of Matter Waves -- Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom -- The Mathematical Framework of Quantum Theory -- Quantum Mechanics of the Hydrogen Atom -- Lifting of the Orbital Degeneracy in the Spectra of Alkali Atoms -- Orbital and Spin Magnetism. Fine Structure -- Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Experiments and Their Semiclassical Description -- Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Quantum Mechanical Treatment -- Atoms in an Electric Field -- General Laws of Optical Transitions -- Many-Electron Atoms -- X-Ray Spectra, lnternal Shells -- Structure of the Periodic System. Ground States of the Elements -- Nuclear Spin, Hyperfine Structure -- The Laser -- Modern Methods of Optical Spectroscopy -- Progress in Quantum Physics: A Deeper Understanding and New Applications -- Fundamentals of the Quantum Theory of Chemical Bonding.The Physics of Atoms and Quanta is a thorough introduction to experiments and theory in this field. Every classical and modern aspect is included and discussed in detail. The new edition is completely revised, new sections on atoms in strong electric fields and high magnetic fields complete the comprehensive coverage of all topics related to atoms and quanta. All new developments, such as new experiments on quantum entanglement, the quantum computer, quantum information, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradoxon, Bell's inequality, Schrödinger's cat, decoherence, Bose-Einstein-Condensation and the atom laser are discussed. Over 170 problems and their solutions help deepen the insight in this subject area and make this book a real study text. The second and more advanced book by the same authors entitled "Molecular Physics and Elements of Quantum Chemistry" is the completion of this unique textbook.