Vehicle Energy and Fuel Consumption — Basic Concepts -- IC-Engine-Based Propulsion Systems -- Models of Electric and Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems -- Models of Hybrid-Inertial and Hybrid-Hydraulic Propulsion Systems -- Models of Fuel-Cell Propulsion Systems -- Supervisory Control Algorithms -- Appendix I — Case Studies -- Appendix II — Optimal Control Theory.Automobiles are responsib…