Tutorial: Introductory Material -- Quantum Annealing: Basics and Applications -- Other Optimizations.Quantum annealing employs quantum fluctuations in frustrated systems or networks to anneal the system down to its ground state, or more generally to its so-called minimum cost state. Often this procedure turns out to be more effective, in multivariable optimization problems, than its classical c…
Data and analysis -- Pareto’s Law of Income Distribution: Evidence for Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States -- Two-class Structure of Income Distribution in the USA: Exponential Bulk and Power-law Tail -- Pareto-Zipf, Gibrat’s Laws, Detailed-Balance and their Breakdown -- Empirical study and model of personal income -- Blockbusters, Bombs and Sleepers: The Income Distribution …