Preface: Nilza Costa -- Introduction: Clara Vasconcelos -- I. 1– Fostering deep understanding through the use of geoscience investigations, models and thought experiments – the Earth Science Education Unit and Earthlearningidea experiences, Chris King -- I.2 –Science Models: How can teachers use them in geoscience classes? Joana Torres & Clara Vasconcelos -- I.3 – Simulating an earthqua…