Pathophysiology -- Effects of Insulin on the Vascular System -- Effects of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance on Endothelial Functions -- Diabetes and Advanced Glycoxidation End-Products -- The Renin—Angiotensin System in Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications -- PPARs and Their Emerging Role in Vascular Biology, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis -- Diabetes and Thrombosis -- Role of Estrogens in…